I just happened to stumble upon an old ISO layout IBM Model M (the version with F1-F24). The connector looks like it should be DIN-5, but it is slightly smaller. Does anyone know what sort of adapter I will need to use this with a PS/2 or USB port?

Well it is labelled model M.Muirium wrote: Are you sure it's a Model M? The silver logo could be a hint that your 122 key (as we call that "battleship" layout) is a Model F. The Fs are much more valuable. (Rarer, better built, native NKRO.) The easiest way to tell is if the back of the keyboard is metal. It should sound distinctly more pingy than a Model M, too.
Honestly I think I will stick with my 1979 Focus FK-2001 for daily use, it would just be nice to get this one working.
The F-122 and first-generation M-122 has a straight DIN connector (I think that it is actually 240 degrees although it is more commonly known as "270" (somebody correct me if I am wrong)) with threaded metal surround that screws onto the female receptacle (if you are lucky enough to have one).